Under Reconstruction, Please Excuse Us As We Improve and Simplify Your Web Experience

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid discovered in 1940. It is one of 113 identified cannabinoids in cannabis plants, along with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and accounts for up to 40% of the plant's extract. As of 2019^[update], clinical research on CBD included studies related to anxiety, cognition, movement disorders, and pain, but there is insufficient high-quality evidence that cannabidiol is effective for these conditions. Nevertheless, CBD is a popular herbal drug, widely promoted with claims of particular therapeutic benefits. The global market size for CBD was predicted to exceed US$47 billion by 2028.

Cannabidiol

Clinical data
Trade names	Epidiolex, Epidyolex
Other names	CBD, cannabidiolum, (−)-cannabidiol
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a618051
License data	EU EMA: by INN US DailyMed: Cannabidiol
Pregnancy category	AU: B2
Routes of administration	Inhalation (smoking, vaping), buccal (aerosol spray), oral (solution)
Drug class	Cannabinoid
ATC code	N03AX24 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S3 (Pharmacist only) CA: Unscheduled UK: POM (Prescription only) US: Schedule V / Rx-only EU: Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	• Oral: 6% (fasted) • Inhaled: 31% (11–45%)
Elimination half-life	18–32 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-[(1R,6R)-6-Isopropenyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
CAS Number	13956-29-1 Y
PubChem CID	644019
IUPHAR/BPS	4150
DrugBank	DB09061 Y
ChemSpider	559095 Y
UNII	19GBJ60SN5
KEGG	D10915
ChEBI	CHEBI:69478 Y
PDB ligand	P0T (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00871959
ECHA InfoCard	100.215.986
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H30O2
Molar mass	314.469 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Melting point	66 °C (151 °F)
Solubility in water	insoluble
SMILES Oc1c(c(O)cc(c1)CCCCC)[C@@H]2\C=C(/CC[C@H]2\C(=C)C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-16-12-19(22)21(20(23)13-16)18-11-15(4)9-10-17(18)14(2)3/h11-13,17-18,22-23H,2,5-10H2,1,3-4H3/t17-,18+/m0/s1{PubChem} Key:QHMBSVQNZZTUGM-ZWKOTPCHSA-N{PubChem}
(verify)

Cannabidiol can be taken internally in multiple ways, including by inhaling cannabis smoke or vapor, by mouth, and as an aerosol spray into the cheek. It may be supplied as CBD oil containing only CBD as the active ingredient (excluding tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] or terpenes), CBD-dominant hemp extract oil, capsules, dried cannabis, or prescription liquid solution. CBD does not have the same psychoactivity as THC, and will negate the psychoactive effects of THC on the body if both are present. As of 2018^[update], the mechanism of action for its biological effects has not been determined. Unlike THC, which acts on the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) as a partial agonist, CBD instead is a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 receptors.

In the United States, the cannabidiol drug Epidiolex was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for the treatment of two epilepsy disorders. While the 2018 United States Farm Bill removed hemp and hemp extracts (including CBD) from the Controlled Substances Act, the marketing and sale of CBD formulations for medical use or as an ingredient in dietary supplements or manufactured foods remains illegal under FDA regulation, as of 2021.